Evolution of a life system
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2. Body Thermodynamics as the
basis of all axioms can explain the behavior
of the nature phenomenon without contradiction. One of those is law of
diffusion. Heat is spreading while decreasing the temperature and the
materials are diluted according to concentration gradient. However
equilibrium and a reverse flow happen temporarily. Fluctuations of energy let to enable a
life system. A bubble floats on the surface of river temporarily, but it soon disappear. It is virtually
short-lived. The evolution of the creature in thermodynamics is same as
bubble, too. The life was born according to such a rule 3,600 million years
ago.. Stuart
Alan Kauffman examined the possibility of the bioorganic chemistry reaction
to make as life in “the logic of self-organization and the evolution". If
each cell behaves without permission, it becomes the chaos, and a system
collapses. And flexibility runs out if organized. When each cell would
hesitate and behaves, it promoted catalytic activation and resonance. If the
activity that there is gradually accumulates, the change of it is remarkable
as an overall macromolecule is occur. The life seemed to be born under such a
condition. I
felt intuitionally. An
environment and a time becomes the special solution in this natural selection
theory of Darwin. Flow
of life is an enthalpy change of chemical reaction energy. The
chaos is entropy. The
each energy state is fluctuation of energy. The
height of aggregate of sand falling from the top is metastable state of
potential. The sand falling from the top accumulates
energy such as the Krebs cycle.（Accumulation of
activated energy） We
get energy by eating creature, and also raise potential energy of us.
However, the total reaction flows through to low direction of enthalpy along
a border between chaos and order. The energy fluctuation in the diffusion
collapses immediately. 2.1 Before the birth of the life
system synthesis；重合 enzyme：酵素 heredity；遺伝 archaea；古細菌 metastable；準安定 qualia；クオリア A
synthesis reaction of an organic macromolecule established the protein and
the enzyme in a sea somewhere. The evolution of the energy acquisition system
began. This is the origin of the life. But there is not accumulation of
energy in this system yet
(fluctuation）. The
RNA with the copy function was born afterwards while passing through
accidental accumulation. It is equivalent as a virus on this state. They
already have an ATP compound. And the virus having RNA is middle creature
between a creature and the inanimate object. This time continued several
billions of years. Meanwhile, the virus spread in all parts of the world and
obtained the means each multiple by a copy reaction with new DNA. they
evolved and invented new creatures. The
copy reaction using DNA increased stockpiles of heredity information, stable
energy state of the creature and a creature like the archaea. It is the birth
of the creature which can increase without a medium. The
organic synthesis reaction is succeeded by a high pressure technology and a
development of the catalysis in 19th century though it hadn't reacted before
19th even a condition of reaction happens surely even accidentally. A
standard of the evolution is the probability as chance of reaction. The
reaction of the life system is decided by external environment. It has
continued for 3.6 billion years. Science and technology needs the logical
proof of it. I
show it to the following 1.
There are needed the reproducibility. 2.
It does not contradict a thermodynamic flow. We
must accumulate energy for survival against a flow of the natural rule of
entropy. We live in a fluctuation of energy. Also the axis of big evolution
of the fluctuation is unstable. It is an evolution axis of human. Accumulation of energy is
development of the scientific civilization, but is the instability. But there
are a lot of energy states of the metastable state in the space. And the
people gathered with the same circumstances are stable energy state more than
individual person. For
example, there are some religionist and their group, tribe, denomination, and
other group organizing. It
looks like the process the single crystals are crystallized while radiating
energy. A causing impurities of the distortion is removed and becomes the
single crystal along the temperature of crystallize. As for the creature,
they are gotten energy by preying on the creature. And it is effective than
get in energy from nature because life is aggregate of energy. However, they unite each if they meet
with the enemy and fight. The group won as metastable cluster groups
survives. Discontented members
and the heretic having eccentric is removed as the impurities. It is the same
as crystallize. Multicellular
organism has the power than single cell creatures in this evolution axis.
(Concept; Let me show you while using
energy level of electronic band theory and phase equilibrium of material) The
remote clusters never returns to the same level from other state. They drift
with the flow to look for more stable metastable state while being united
each other. The mind is the qualia phenomenon that brain devised to cope with
the flow of the outside environment changes. 2.2 After the birth of the life system extremophile；極限環境微生物 When
a creature was born once, biochemical reaction became complicated according
to a law of the evolution. 3,600 million years ago bacteria liking high heat
were increasing rapidly under the good environment. But, the member which
overflowed have to go to another external environment. It is diffusion as
nature law. Some member of a species spread to the place inappropriate. Many friends died, but mutation of DNA
helped some parts of them. They adapted themselves as a different kind
bacterium again there, and established the potential state as subspecies.
They were multiplied in there again. The prokaryotic cell living in our
environment differentiated from the bacteria who lived in the environment
like archeae of extremophile. But it is still a prokaryote. The DNA of some
bacteria still is exposed. It is not the eukaryote like us. 2.3 Diversify
methanopyrus kandleri；超好熱メタン菌 The diversification is caused by a thermodynamic
law. All species spreaded around while repeating an increase or decrease, and
it got the species that was adapting themselves to under various external
environments. Some number increases under this comfortable atomosphere.
Adaptability is high in the early bacteria having the division speed.
Somebody of them is surviving while repeating the mutation. Methanopyrus kandleri; the bacteria living in a
hyper slum produced various seeds and evolved along an evolution axis adapted
in each environment. We can't know all of species in this world. It is not
mysterious even if a new species just born now. The total volume of these
individuals will occupy maximum in the world of creatures. 2.4 The
evolution axis of the human is same as an archaea. aerobic
bacterium；好気性菌. anaerobic bacterium；嫌気性菌 eukaryote；真核生物 An
archaea is living the present without changing with the form of environment
of old days to survive. They adapted themselves to the external environment
and chose an axis using little the energy consumption. Some aerobic bacterium
were separated on the surface of sea from an anaerobic bacterium . It's
bacterium prefer oxygen that is poison. And then our ancestor was born as a
eukaryote. Eukaryotic
gets much energy, and moves actively. And then they use own energy to
maintain their body in external environment. The species which endured
various environmental places get much quantity of oxygen. DNA number
differences increased among species. 2.5 From eubacteria to a eukaryote eubacteria；新生細菌 ATPase;アデノシン三リン酸 (ATP) の末端高エネルギーリン酸結合を加水分解する酵素群の総称 lysosome；真核生物が持つ細胞小器官の一つ cytoplasmic；細胞質 Species
repeat a copy reaction as much as
energy is supplied under the natural environments. According to a thermodynamic
law, "species are spreading to other place while increasing their group
until equilibrium as the species. And then an increase stops if it reached
the equilibrium.” Does the
species become extinct at that time? Oh no! Let's
remember phase equilibrium. A part of the group who overflowed from there
prospers as a new kind through a challenge. The group who slightly survived
becomes the subspecies under metastable state of different potential energy.
They multiply until they become the equilibrium in there. It spreads as two
kinds of an old species and a new species. The subspecies is stable under the
new atomosphere as new potential energy state. One
day, some group performed energy metabolism through oxygen from the anaerobic
bacterium. that was eubacteria.
It is called an aerobic bacterium. Aerobic bacteria spits out oxygen of the
poison. It is algae (cyan bacterium). An intense fight with oxygen had done
interface of sea. And then it was an ancestor of Aerobic bacteria. Aerobic bacteria got energy of oxygen.
Oxygen is poison for anaerobic bacterium. Next
there were an intense fight between the algae and anaerobic bacterium. The
algae emit oxygen as poison of anaerobic bacterium. Evolution of life system
cleared this problem by collaborating each together. It
is a fight for death. However, after long fight, a eukaryote was born uniting
with cyan bacteria and archaea. Algae broke into an archaea cell membrane and
was united. And they got metabolism energy caused by the oxidation. And they got
the high energy metabolism that was different from the metabolism of the
fermentation. They took out much energy and got possibility working much.
From the gene analysis of the eukaryotic cell, it was obvious that it began
symbiosis as the organelle which an archaea swallowed an aerobic bacteria.
And it was wrapped in a double film. The name is called mitochondria. The
ATPase of lysosome which is an organelle that is mitochondrial ATPase is
eubacteria type, and eukaryote is ATPase of archaea type. ATPase is a pump of
an ion working with ATP. The
protozoal cells have a various kinds of organs and are classified an inside
organelle of cell, and a outside organelle of. ・Flagella; it is organ of
locomotion such as the whip which there is outside a cell. ・Cilia; there is it
outside a cell; the organ of locomotion such as the brush is. ・Chloroplast; there is it
in a cell and produce a glucide by photosynthesizes ・Mitochondria; there is
inside of a cell and it perform oxygen breathing and create energy. ・Chloroplast, there is it
in a cell and photo synthesizes and makes saccharides. ・Nucleus; it keep a
genetic material and send the copy of a necessary genetic information to the
cytoplasmic protein synthesis equipment. ・Pseudopodium; it
lengthen a cytoplasmic part and exercise． The image likes amoeba. Also it consists of a cell wall or
a husk. Flagella, a chloroplast and mitochondria are organelle completed by
symbiosis. 2.6 Our evolution axis is the animal unicellular organism
that archaea and cyan bacterium married. Metabolism；代謝 A
species having metabolism mechanism took oxygen much, and evolution was able
to promoted to upper state. Metabolism energy increases. There is
accumulation of internal energy, and the some species are adapting to
environment for ever. The diversification of the creature is promoted in a
terrible atmospheres encounter. virus, eubacteria (anaerobic bacterium),
aerobic bacteria, eukaryote. 2.7 From a eukaryote to a multicellular organism eukaryotic
algae；真核生物藻 multicellular；多細胞mycetogenetic cell；真菌遺伝子の細胞 prokaryote；原核生物 Escherichia coli；大腸菌 flagellar；鞭毛 phylum；門Nemathelminthes；線形動物 annelida；環形動物 mollusk；軟体動物class arthropoda；節足動物 vertebrate；脊椎動物 autospore；娘細胞 symbiont；共生体 In
the classification, the eukaryote is correctly a higher plant or eukaryotic
algae and the prokaryote is Escherichia coli or the blue-green algae. The
representative creatures have various species such as fungi, a eukaryotic
algae, a plant, an animal. And they chose the evolution axis of each
direction. Part of the unicellular organism produced multicellular organisms
in response to repeat of water of high [low] tide before long. They
would become a gel state on the beach under the sun shines. If it is high
tide, it becomes sol, and a simple substance move actively again. And then
probably sol has hardened on the outside of other cell to protect the
dehydration of the cell membrane that it was member in similar group. Though
some of those single cells survived or lost life either, they have begun to
move together. And a multicellular organism was born. Multicellular
organism was born in the repetition of tide. (The sponge species is aggregate
of the unicellular organism that bound together with collagen) they would
attach together again even if cells separated. As for the single-cell,
eukaryote united similar species each other. Or the single cell species that
made use of each property were tied. The
creature of plant cell is represented by an alga; the creature of animal cell
is represented by an amoeba; the creature of mycetogenetic cell is
represented by yeast. They repeat separating or gathering and they survive
with fitted groups with each property. I don’t understand the factor of the
good grouping. Therefore properties of the eukaryote cell have various. Each
cell supplemented each superior property and adapted to a change of the
external environment. For example, an algal cell acquires energy by
photosynthesis and supplies energy to the cell of the amoeba part. And a
multicellular organism is born. The cilia movement by a sperm and a
euglena; the protoplasmic streaming seen in many cells of the animal; the
flagella movement by a paramecium or seen in internal organs of humankind. I
do not know the pair survived Furthermore
it produces each predominant difference in physical strength grown in
external environment separate from a cord of the self-organization, when it
became the multicellular organism. Even if it was the same species, it
produced a significant difference in environment. It produce a physical
strength difference by difference in nourishment (energy) supplying from the
outside. The
contribution of the external environment in these individual difference
influences the cell having quantity and quality of the biochemistry reaction
system. Accumulation of energy has an effect to decide the size in individual
influences natural selection of Darwin. Physical strength corresponding to
the external environment, ability becomes different. The genealogical tree
adapting itself to the external environment has begun to advance. Species were divided into each phylum
(nemathelminthes, annelida, mollusk, arthropoda, vertebrate). But, as for the
new kind, it is the genealogical tree with the big evolution axis of the
energy fluctuation. It is unstable state versus a natural rule because it is
a reverse direction versus natural rule. In Cambrian period, a multicellular
organism of various forms was born.
I
will introduce an interesting creature here. As
the life cycle of unicellular organism "Hatena arenicola" maintains
the life, whenever a cell is divided, part of the autospore inherits symbion.
And it maintains the life as the plant. And another cell returns to a
colorless flagellate cell because another autospore does not inherit the
alga. It is a model of the animals. 2.8 Cambrian rapid diversification. What
causes the rapid diversification of the Cambrian occurred? I should explain
the mechanism without the quibbling. A biochemistry reaction becomes active
and will give growth of the whole living body, if they did random to make it
easily to collect energy for survival. They get big energy, and could be
diffused to far place. In other words, species is settled in
the ocean as a new kind under severe external environment while repeating the
selection of the species by Darwin's natural selection. The energy for
survival overflowed in Cambrian period and the unicellular organisms which
had various properties were united, and mysterious-shaped kinds increased
explosively. 2.9 The evolution to a human being.
First part propagative；繁殖 A
lot of species born at random in Cambrian period, but the most of species
were extinct by a change of the external environment. Many species were
extinct because energy for survival was decided by the external environment.
However, our evolution axis was kept. Pikaia having the backbone endured in a
change of the external environment and survived. It is not fast-moving. It is
not strong. But propagative power and less energy quantity of metabolism was
superior. Any means is all right. A species has the tactics to survive.
Pikaia was superior in a law of the survival of the fittest. Our ancestor settled on
the land before long, and the DNA chain became long and the cords of the
self-organization increased. The quantity of energy securing about survival
increased, and a lot of cells were produced. The living body grows bigger
according to a cord incorporated in selfish gene steadily while increasing
the cell. The information system of the creature gradually changed the
information ratio to brain information system from genetic information
system. In the flow of the consecutive change
to the cranial nerve system from the “a simple diffuse nervous system”, ratio
was accelerated. 2.10 The evolution to a
human being. Latter part The
creatures consume energy in metastability field, and increase their group.
Therefore, the member who is within the group is hard to change to
subspecies. It would be something like public employee living the stable
life. If energy decreases in there, part of them becomes instability. Therefore people who overflowed have
to look for other stability field. Many species were extinct on the way to
their destination. But, some group changes well by mutated gene, and survived
another metastable field. And then they have begun to increase member
immediately. And
the creatures of each phylum live it in each genealogical tree at the
present. Anyone knows our genealogical tree. We got muscle in the ancestor
era of the fish and got pulmonary respiration in amphibian ancestor and got
walking on land in the ancestral times of reptiles. The addition of each
attribute was performed at each time. The
humankind's metastable field is small. But, we collect more energy for a
environment change and improve external environment and secure a metastable
condition and maintain an individual. The cerebrum developed for it.
Therefore the new attribute as thinking was added. The particularly cerebral
memory cell and the neuronal network structure by the synapse combination
enabled our thinking while using more energy. The cerebrum is an organ that
is demanding oxygen among the human body most. It needs blood most. The
complicated capillary set up the
brain maintains the cerebrum. The cerebrum uses 20-30% of oxygen. I'm
spending many of energy in my brain. And
I memorize it and give careful consideration and learn it. This is addition
of the new attribute with the life clearly. The development of cerebrum
spreads each personal ability difference. A gene by the superior
self-organization and the rich living environment from parent spread the
difference of ability of children. Also It incredibly enlarged the
difference of the ability to acquire energy which was necessary for survival
between inferior living environment and superior living environment. I
don't have a meaning to compare between the child succeeding to the gene of a
good parent and the children succeeding to the gene of a inferior parent. It is a very important theme for the
human you know anything. 2.11 Did the giraffe become the giraffe with a purpose? Only
giraffe has a reverse valve to the blood vessel at the neck. It calls wonder
net. And okapi have it too. The evolution axle of the giraffe has started by
this structure. Then giraffe lengthen it to stretch out a neck for a long
time, and eats bait. The
naturally occurring creatures are only the species each which endured the
struggle for existence and the external environment. If environment turns
into low wood, a long neck becomes the disadvantageous organ. The low giraffe of the neck may
survive. Each giraffe is uneven in the growth of the individual. Each part of
the individual varies in growth likewise. It is sure that the inconvenient
parts change to helpful it in some cases. Wander net helped the giraffe when
they moved in the forest from the savanna. Okapi maintain the form such as the
zebra but Okapi hadn't developed wander net because the Okapi has lived in forest.
Each physical part changes the size by mutation and an individual nourishment
condition without permission. However, the natural world decides a shape of
species to adapt itself to survive in there. The natural world decides each
body size and shape by natural selection of Darwin. The giraffe never have purpose to grow the neck. All
of creatures don't have purpose to live. Their cells of organs are increasing selfishly or are decreasing selfishly depend on
environment. The natural world decides the direction of the evolution of each
species. 2.12 Phase metastasis of the life When it is said that
there was phase metastasis of the life, 4 times are thought
about. 1. Virus → Bacteria. Life reaction was established by
RNA. The life system started to
succeeded to child from parent. 2. Bacteria → Nematode. A simple diffuse nervous system is formed
as one of nerves. It records memory. 3. Nematode → Fish. A diffuse nervous system developed, and
cranial nerve was made. The exchanges of the information were enabled in each
other between the individual. 4. Fish → Mammals. The cerebrum developed. And they drew an
outside image in the virtual space in the brain and were able to do information
processing. But the image
produces a time delay for an outside change of a situation because neuron
transmission speed is slow. We do the exchange information with other people
with feelings. Almost of our action is decided by the cerebellum, and is not
decided by cerebrum |