@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Evolution of a life system

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2. Body

@Thermodynamics as the basis of all axioms@can explain the behavior of the nature phenomenon without contradiction. One of those is law of diffusion. Heat is spreading while decreasing the temperature and the materials are diluted according to concentration gradient. However equilibrium and a reverse flow happen temporarily.

 Fluctuations of energy let to enable a life system. A bubble floats on the surface of river temporarily,  but it soon disappear. It is virtually short-lived. The evolution of the creature in thermodynamics is same as bubble, too. The life was born according to such a rule 3,600 million years ago..

 

Stuart Alan Kauffman examined the possibility of the bioorganic chemistry reaction to make as life in gthe logic of self-organization and the evolution".

 

If each cell behaves without permission, it becomes the chaos, and a system collapses. And flexibility runs out if organized. When each cell would hesitate and behaves, it promoted catalytic activation and resonance. If the activity that there is gradually accumulates, the change of it is remarkable as an overall macromolecule is occur. The life seemed to be born under such a condition.

 

I felt intuitionally.

An environment and a time becomes the special solution in this natural selection theory of Darwin.

Flow of life is an enthalpy change of chemical reaction energy.

The chaos is entropy.

The each energy state is fluctuation of energy.

The height of aggregate of sand falling from the top is metastable state of potential.

 The sand falling from the top accumulates energy such as the Krebs cycle.iAccumulation of activated energyj

We get energy by eating creature, and also raise potential energy of us. However, the total reaction flows through to low direction of enthalpy along a border between chaos and order. The energy fluctuation in the diffusion collapses immediately.

 

2.1 Before the birth of the life system

synthesisGd‡@enzymeFy‘f@heredityGˆâ“`  archaeaGŒÃ׋Û@metastableG€ˆÀ’è@qualiaGƒNƒIƒŠƒA

A synthesis reaction of an organic macromolecule established the protein and the enzyme in a sea somewhere. The evolution of the energy acquisition system began. This is the origin of the life. But there is not accumulation of energy in this system yet  (fluctuationj.  

 

The RNA with the copy function was born afterwards while passing through accidental accumulation. It is equivalent as a virus on this state. They already have an ATP compound. And the virus having RNA is middle creature between a creature and the inanimate object. This time continued several billions of years. Meanwhile, the virus spread in all parts of the world and obtained the means each multiple by a copy reaction with new DNA. they evolved and invented new creatures.

 

The copy reaction using DNA increased stockpiles of heredity information, stable energy state of the creature and a creature like the archaea. It is the birth of the creature which can increase without a medium.

The organic synthesis reaction is succeeded by a high pressure technology and a development of the catalysis in 19th century though it hadn't reacted before 19th even a condition of reaction happens surely even accidentally. A standard of the evolution is the probability as chance of reaction. The reaction of the life system is decided by external environment. It has continued for 3.6 billion years. Science and technology needs the logical proof of it.

 

I show it to the following

1. There are needed the reproducibility.

2. It does not contradict a thermodynamic flow.

 

We must accumulate energy for survival against a flow of the natural rule of entropy. We live in a fluctuation of energy. Also the axis of big evolution of the fluctuation is unstable. It is an evolution axis of  human. Accumulation of energy is development of the scientific civilization, but is the instability. But there are a lot of energy states of the metastable state in the space. And the people gathered with the same circumstances are stable energy state more than individual person.

For example, there are some religionist and their group, tribe, denomination, and other group organizing.

 

It looks like the process the single crystals are crystallized while radiating energy. A causing impurities of the distortion is removed and becomes the single crystal along the temperature of crystallize. As for the creature, they are gotten energy by preying on the creature. And it is effective than get in energy from nature because life is aggregate of energy.

 

 However, they unite each if they meet with the enemy and fight. The group won as metastable cluster groups survives.  Discontented members and the heretic having eccentric is removed as the impurities. It is the same as crystallize.

 

Multicellular organism has the power than single cell creatures in this evolution axis. (Concept; Let me show you while using  energy level of electronic band theory and phase@equilibrium of material) 

 

The remote clusters never returns to the same level from other state. They drift with the flow to look for more stable metastable state while being united each other. The mind is the qualia phenomenon that brain devised to cope with the flow of the outside environment changes.

 

2.2 After the birth of the life system

 extremophileG‹ÉŒÀŠÂ‹«”÷¶•¨

When a creature was born once, biochemical reaction became complicated according to a law of the evolution. 3,600 million years ago bacteria liking high heat were increasing rapidly under the good environment. But, the member which overflowed have to go to another external environment. It is diffusion as nature law. Some member of a species spread to the place inappropriate.  Many friends died, but mutation of DNA helped some parts of them. They adapted themselves as a different kind bacterium again there, and established the potential state as subspecies. They were multiplied in there again. The prokaryotic cell living in our environment differentiated from the bacteria who lived in the environment like archeae of extremophile. But it is still a prokaryote. The DNA of some bacteria still is exposed. It is not the eukaryote like us.

 

2.3 Diversify

   methanopyrus kandleriG’´D”Mƒƒ^ƒ“‹Û

The diversification is caused by a thermodynamic law. All species spreaded around while repeating an increase or decrease, and it got the species that was adapting themselves to under various external environments. Some number increases under this comfortable atomosphere. Adaptability is high in the early bacteria having the division speed. Somebody of them is surviving while repeating the mutation.

Methanopyrus kandleri; the bacteria living in a hyper slum produced various seeds and evolved along an evolution axis adapted in each environment. We can't know all of species in this world. It is not mysterious even if a new species just born now. The total volume of these individuals will occupy maximum in the world of creatures.

 

2.4 The evolution axis of the human is same as an archaea.

aerobic bacteriumGD‹C«‹Û. anaerobic bacteriumGŒ™‹C«‹Û@eukaryoteG^Šj¶•¨

An archaea is living the present without changing with the form of environment of old days to survive. They adapted themselves to the external environment and chose an axis using little the energy consumption. Some aerobic bacterium were separated on the surface of sea from an anaerobic bacterium . It's bacterium prefer oxygen that is poison. And then our ancestor was born as a eukaryote.

Eukaryotic gets much energy, and moves actively. And then they use own energy to maintain their body in external environment. The species which endured various environmental places get much quantity of oxygen. DNA number differences increased among species.

 

2.5 From eubacteria to a eukaryote

 eubacteriaGV¶×‹Û  ATPase;ƒAƒfƒmƒVƒ“ŽOƒŠƒ“Ž_ (ATP) ‚Ì––’[‚ƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[ƒŠƒ“Ž_Œ‹‡‚ð‰Á…•ª‰ð‚·‚éy‘fŒQ‚Ì‘Ì@lysosomeG^Šj¶•¨‚ªŽ‚Â×–E¬ŠíŠ¯‚̈ê‚  cytoplasmicG×–EŽ¿

Species repeat a copy reaction as much as  energy is supplied under the natural environments. According to a thermodynamic law, "species are spreading to other place while increasing their group until equilibrium as the species. And then an increase stops if it reached the equilibrium.h  Does the species become extinct at that time? Oh no!

Let's remember phase equilibrium. A part of the group who overflowed from there prospers as a new kind through a challenge. The group who slightly survived becomes the subspecies under metastable state of different potential energy. They multiply until they become the equilibrium in there. It spreads as two kinds of an old species and a new species. The subspecies is stable under the new atomosphere as new potential energy state.

                   

One day, some group performed energy metabolism through oxygen from the anaerobic bacterium.  that was eubacteria. It is called an aerobic bacterium. Aerobic bacteria spits out oxygen of the poison. It is algae (cyan bacterium). An intense fight with oxygen had done interface of sea. And then it was an ancestor of Aerobic bacteria.

 

 Aerobic bacteria got energy of oxygen. Oxygen is poison for anaerobic bacterium.

 

Next there were an intense fight between the algae and anaerobic bacterium. The algae emit oxygen as poison of anaerobic bacterium. Evolution of life system cleared this problem by collaborating each together. 

It is a fight for death. However, after long fight, a eukaryote was born uniting with cyan bacteria and archaea. Algae broke into an archaea cell membrane and was united. And they got metabolism energy caused by the oxidation. And they got the high energy metabolism that was different from the metabolism of the fermentation. They took out much energy and got possibility working much. From the gene analysis of the eukaryotic cell, it was obvious that it began symbiosis as the organelle which an archaea swallowed an aerobic bacteria. And it was wrapped in a double film. The name is called mitochondria. The ATPase of lysosome which is an organelle that is mitochondrial ATPase is eubacteria type, and eukaryote is ATPase of archaea type. ATPase is a pump of an ion working with ATP.

 

The protozoal cells have a various kinds of organs and are classified an inside organelle of cell, and a outside organelle of.

 

EFlagella; it is organ of locomotion such as the whip which there is outside a cell.

ECilia; there is it outside a cell; the organ of locomotion such as the brush is.

EChloroplast; there is it in a cell and produce a glucide by photosynthesizes

EMitochondria; there is inside of a cell and it perform oxygen breathing and create energy.

EChloroplast, there is it in a cell and photo synthesizes and makes saccharides.

ENucleus; it keep a genetic material and send the copy of a necessary genetic information to the cytoplasmic protein synthesis equipment.

EPseudopodium; it lengthen a cytoplasmic part and exerciseD The image likes amoeba.

 

Also it consists of a cell wall or a husk. Flagella, a chloroplast and mitochondria are organelle completed by symbiosis.

 

2.6 Our evolution axis is the animal unicellular organism that archaea and cyan bacterium married.

MetabolismG‘ãŽÓ

A species having metabolism mechanism took oxygen much, and evolution was able to promoted to upper state. Metabolism energy increases. There is accumulation of internal energy, and the some species are adapting to environment for ever. The diversification of the creature is promoted in a terrible atmospheres encounter. virus, eubacteria (anaerobic bacterium), aerobic bacteria, eukaryote.

 

2.7 From a eukaryote to a multicellular organism

eukaryotic algaeG^Šj¶•¨‘”@multicellularG‘½×–Emycetogenetic cellG^‹Ûˆâ“`Žq‚Ì×–E@prokaryoteGŒ´Šj¶•¨  Escherichia coliG‘å’°‹Û flagellarG•Ú–Ñ@phylumG–åNemathelminthesGüŒ`“®•¨ annelidaGŠÂŒ`“®•¨@molluskG“î‘Ì“®•¨class arthropodaGß‘«“®•¨@vertebrateGÒ’Å“®•¨ autosporeG–º×–E symbiontG‹¤¶‘Ì@@

In the classification, the eukaryote is correctly a higher plant or eukaryotic algae and the prokaryote is Escherichia coli or the blue-green algae. The representative creatures have various species such as fungi, a eukaryotic algae, a plant, an animal. And they chose the evolution axis of each direction. Part of the unicellular organism produced multicellular organisms in response to repeat of water of high [low] tide before long.

 

They would become a gel state on the beach under the sun shines. If it is high tide, it becomes sol, and a simple substance move actively again. And then probably sol has hardened on the outside of other cell to protect the dehydration of the cell membrane that it was member in similar group. Though some of those single cells survived or lost life either, they have begun to move together. And a multicellular organism was born.

 

Multicellular organism was born in the repetition of tide. (The sponge species is aggregate of the unicellular organism that bound together with collagen) they would attach together again even if cells separated. As for the single-cell, eukaryote united similar species each other. Or the single cell species that made use of each property were tied.

 

The creature of plant cell is represented by an alga; the creature of animal cell is represented by an amoeba; the creature of mycetogenetic cell is represented by yeast. They repeat separating or gathering and they survive with fitted groups with each property. I donft understand the factor of the good grouping. Therefore properties of the eukaryote cell have various.

Each cell supplemented each superior property and adapted to a change of the external environment. For example, an algal cell acquires energy by photosynthesis and supplies energy to the cell of the amoeba part. And a multicellular organism is born.

 

 The cilia movement by a sperm and a euglena; the protoplasmic streaming seen in many cells of the animal;

the flagella movement by a paramecium or seen in internal organs of humankind.

 

I do not know the pair survived

 

Furthermore it produces each predominant difference in physical strength grown in external environment separate from a cord of the self-organization, when it became the multicellular organism. Even if it was the same species, it produced a significant difference in environment. It produce a physical strength difference by difference in nourishment (energy) supplying from the outside.

 

The contribution of the external environment in these individual difference influences the cell having quantity and quality of the biochemistry reaction system. Accumulation of energy has an effect to decide the size in individual influences natural selection of Darwin. Physical strength corresponding to the external environment, ability becomes different. The genealogical tree adapting itself to the external environment has begun to advance.

  Species were divided into each phylum (nemathelminthes, annelida, mollusk, arthropoda, vertebrate). But, as for the new kind, it is the genealogical tree with the big evolution axis of the energy fluctuation. It is unstable state versus a natural rule because it is a reverse direction versus natural rule. In Cambrian period, a multicellular organism of various forms was born. 

 

I will introduce an interesting creature here.

As the life cycle of unicellular organism "Hatena arenicola" maintains the life, whenever a cell is divided, part of the autospore inherits symbion. And it maintains the life as the plant. And another cell returns to a colorless flagellate cell because another autospore does not inherit the alga. It is a model of the animals.

 

2.8 Cambrian rapid diversification.

What causes the rapid diversification of the Cambrian occurred? I should explain the mechanism without the quibbling. A biochemistry reaction becomes active and will give growth of the whole living body, if they did random to make it easily to collect energy for survival. They get big energy, and could be diffused to far place.

 In other words, species is settled in the ocean as a new kind under severe external environment while repeating the selection of the species by Darwin's natural selection. The energy for survival overflowed in Cambrian period and the unicellular organisms which had various properties were united, and mysterious-shaped kinds increased explosively.

 

  2.9 The evolution to a human being.  First part

@@propagativeGӃB

A lot of species born at random in Cambrian period, but the most of species were extinct by a change of the external environment. Many species were extinct because energy for survival was decided by the external environment. However, our evolution axis was kept. Pikaia having the backbone endured in a change of the external environment and survived. It is not fast-moving. It is not strong. But propagative power and less energy quantity of metabolism was superior. Any means is all right. A species has the tactics to survive. Pikaia was superior in a law of the survival of the fittest.

@Our ancestor settled on the land before long, and the DNA chain became long and the cords of the self-organization increased. The quantity of energy securing about survival increased, and a lot of cells were produced. The living body grows bigger according to a cord incorporated in selfish gene steadily while increasing the cell. The information system of the creature gradually changed the information ratio to brain information system from genetic information system.

 In the flow of the consecutive change to the cranial nerve system from the ga simple diffuse nervous systemh, ratio was accelerated.

 

@2.10 The evolution to a human being.  Latter part

The creatures consume energy in metastability field, and increase their group. Therefore, the member who is within the group is hard to change to subspecies. It would be something like public employee living the stable life. If energy decreases in there, part of them becomes instability.  Therefore people who overflowed have to look for other stability field. Many species were extinct on the way to their destination. But, some group changes well by mutated gene, and survived another metastable field. And then they have begun to increase member immediately.

 

And the creatures of each phylum live it in each genealogical tree at the present. Anyone knows our genealogical tree. We got muscle in the ancestor era of the fish and got pulmonary respiration in amphibian ancestor and got walking on land in the ancestral times of reptiles. The addition of each attribute was performed at each time.

 

The humankind's metastable field is small. But, we collect more energy for a environment change and improve external environment and secure a metastable condition and maintain an individual. The cerebrum developed for it. Therefore the new attribute as thinking was added. The particularly cerebral memory cell and the neuronal network structure by the synapse combination enabled our thinking while using more energy. The cerebrum is an organ that is demanding oxygen among the human body most. It needs blood most. The complicated capillary set up  the brain maintains the cerebrum. The cerebrum uses 20-30% of oxygen. I'm spending many of energy in my brain.

And I memorize it and give careful consideration and learn it. This is addition of the new attribute with the life clearly. The development of cerebrum spreads each personal ability difference. A gene by the superior self-organization and the rich living environment from parent spread the difference of ability of children.

 

 Also It incredibly enlarged the difference of the ability to acquire energy which was necessary for survival between inferior living environment and superior living environment.

I don't have a meaning to compare between the child succeeding to the gene of a good parent and the children succeeding to the gene of a inferior parent.

 It is a very important theme for the human you know anything.

 

2.11 Did the giraffe become the giraffe with a purpose?

 

Only giraffe has a reverse valve to the blood vessel at the neck. It calls wonder net. And okapi have it too. The evolution axle of the giraffe has started by this structure. Then giraffe lengthen it to stretch out a neck for a long time, and eats bait.

The naturally occurring creatures are only the species each which endured the struggle for existence and the external environment. If environment turns into low wood, a long neck becomes the disadvantageous organ.

 The low giraffe of the neck may survive. Each giraffe is uneven in the growth of the individual. Each part of the individual varies in growth likewise. It is sure that the inconvenient parts change to helpful it in some cases. Wander net helped the giraffe when they moved in the forest from the savanna.  Okapi maintain the form such as the zebra but Okapi hadn't developed wander net because the  Okapi@has lived in forest. Each physical part changes the size by mutation and an individual nourishment condition without permission. However, the natural world decides a shape of species to adapt itself to survive in there. The natural world decides each body size and shape by natural selection of Darwin.

 

The giraffe never have purpose to grow the neck.

 

All of creatures don't have purpose to live. Their cells of organs are increasing@selfishly or are decreasing selfishly depend on environment.

The natural world decides the direction of the evolution of each species.

 

2.12 Phase metastasis of the life

When it is said that there was phase metastasis of the life,

4 times are thought about.

1. Virus ¨ Bacteria. Life reaction was established by RNA.  The life system started to succeeded to child from parent.

2. Bacteria ¨ Nematode. A simple diffuse nervous system is formed as one of nerves. It records memory.

3. Nematode ¨ Fish. A diffuse nervous system developed, and cranial nerve was made. The exchanges of the information were enabled in each other between the individual.

4. Fish ¨ Mammals. The cerebrum developed. And they drew an outside image in the virtual space in the brain and were able to do information processing.  But the image produces a time delay for an outside change of a situation because neuron transmission speed is slow. We do the exchange information with other people with feelings. Almost of our action is decided by the cerebellum, and is not decided by cerebrum

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